I could have done a cut and paste direct from another source,e.g.wikipedia.
But personally I don't think that is what this site is about. So,I will just add a bit of information that is not in any of the web sites.
The current Egyptian Museum(built1902) contains the largest and best collection of artifacts that represent a civilizations history, in the world. Many of the exibits have never made it from the vast basements to the public eye.
Those that are on display are badly in need of recataloging, as the labelling tags have either faded beyond reading, or have dissappeared.
They are displayed in old wood and glass cabinets with little or no overhead lighting.
There are plans that the new museum (no date as yet)will be built that it will allow all exibits to be on show after computer coding, and have fibreoptic lighting as well as airconitioning.
Over the period of 104 years the museum has been opened, a large percentage of exibits have become "lost".It is said that the curators will have to escavate the bursting at the seams basement. When,finally the new museum is built.
The current efforts to relocate artifacts has already resulted in what may well be the mummy of the famed female Pharoah Hatshepsut.
The only part of the current museum that is airconditioned is the Tutanhkamun exibition room. Leaving the other exibits, especially the mummies of the great Pharoahs, thier Queens and nobles at great risk, they are noticably decaying.
It is a problem as the The Museum is greatly understaffed and underfunded,the main reason for many of the problems occuring.
If you go to the museum be prepared for a long wait to enter,and be prepared to go through a series of security checks.
I would suggest going as early in the morning as possible.The temperature inside can get stifling, due to the thousands passing through easch hour.If you are a real Egyptophile, plan your visit so you can see one section one day and another the next. o Else you will likely come out not knowing a scarab from a sarcophagus.
The new museum at Giza is completed and will be an extraordniary experience.
I do hope you get to visit the Egyptian Museum as it as a unique and wonderful experience that I recommend.